During the Edo era, Noh and kyōgen were the entertainment of the shogunate, and each school would submit a report on the goings on of the school known as a kakiage to the shogunate or heads of the fiefdoms. One of the most important items included in the kakiage was the nayose (“list of names”), which included a list of the current plays performed by the school, and those plays not included in this list were known as bangaikyoku or bangai. Newer plays created after the Meiji era are also often treated as bangai. There are also instances where professional performers will play at gatherings of amateur Noh and kyōgen enthusiasts, and bangai is used to distinguish these performances as well.
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